Is Spearguns Legal in Brazil After the 2026 Policy Reforms?

No. Spearguns are prohibited for recreational use under Brazil’s strict firearms and weapons laws, classified as “armas de fogo” by the Estatuto do Desarmamento (Law 10.826/2003). Civilian ownership is banned, with exceptions only for licensed hunters or professionals under IBAMA oversight, requiring prior authorization and compliance with environmental regulations.


Key Regulations for Spearguns in Brazil

  • Federal Prohibition: Spearguns are treated as firearms under Decreto 9.847/2019, which explicitly bans their civilian possession without special permits. Violations carry penalties up to 4 years imprisonment under Article 16 of the Estatuto do Desarmamento.
  • Licensing Exceptions: Only individuals with IBAMA hunting licenses or professional permits (e.g., marine biologists) may possess spearguns, subject to annual renewals and inspections. Recreational spearfishers are ineligible.
  • Environmental Compliance: Speargun use must align with IBAMA Normative Instruction 03/2014, which restricts operations to designated zones and prohibits endangered species targeting. Non-compliance risks fines up to R$ 50,000 (approx. USD 10,000).