It is strictly regulated.
Living in an RV full-time in Germany is legally possible but tightly controlled under municipal and federal frameworks. Authorities classify RVs as either Wohnwagen (caravans) or Wohnmobile (motorhomes), with the latter permitted for permanent residence only if registered as a primary domicile (Hauptwohnsitz) and compliant with zoning laws. Since 2026, the Wohnraummobilitätsgesetz (Housing Mobility Act) tightens oversight, requiring RVers to prove continuous legal parking on private or designated plots, often necessitating permits from local Ordnungsamt (public order offices). Tax residency and social security obligations further complicate long-term stays.
Key Regulations for Living in an RV Full Time in Germany
- Zoning and Land Use (BauNVO): Municipalities classify parking areas under BauNVO §12, restricting overnight stays to approved sites (Campingplätze or Wohnmobil-Stellplätze). Permanent residence on non-designated land violates Flächennutzungsplan (land-use plans) and may trigger eviction under BauGB (Building Code).
- Registration and Tax Residency: Registering an RV as a Hauptwohnsitz requires a fixed address, typically via a Wohnsitzbescheinigung from a Bürgeramt (citizen’s office). Failure to declare tax residency risks penalties under AO (Fiscal Code) §8, especially if the RV is parked >6 months in one municipality.
- Technical and Safety Compliance: RVs must meet DIN EN 1645 (habitability standards) and undergo TÜV inspections biennially. Local Gewerbeaufsichtsamt (trade supervision offices) may inspect for unauthorized modifications (e.g., permanent sewage connections), which can invalidate insurance under Pflichtversicherungsgesetz (Compulsory Insurance Act).