Is Raw Milk Legal in North Dakota After the 2026 Framework Overhaul?

No. Raw milk sales are prohibited in North Dakota under the North Dakota Department of Health’s food safety statutes, which classify unpasteurized dairy as a public health risk. The state’s 2023 Food Code aligns with FDA guidance, banning intrastate commerce while permitting herd-share agreements under narrow exemptions. Local health boards enforce compliance, with violations subject to fines or criminal penalties.

Key Regulations for Raw Milk in North Dakota

  • Statutory Ban: N.D. Cent. Code § 23-03-01.1 criminalizes the sale of raw milk for human consumption, with no retail or farm-gate exceptions.
  • Herd-Shares Permitted: Limited to unincorporated agreements where consumers own shares of dairy herds; transactions must occur off-market and without profit motive.
  • Inspection & Liability: The North Dakota Department of Agriculture conducts annual herd inspections for herd-share operations, with mandatory testing for pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella.

Enforcement has intensified since 2024, following a 2023 outbreak linked to a Cass County herd-share. Local health departments now cross-reference dairy records with state lab results to identify non-compliant operations. Violators face misdemeanor charges under N.D. Admin. Code § 33-03-01-02, with potential civil liability for illness transmission.